**Unresolved discrepancies and open questions:**
– The exact positioning of the false paternity event within the Edward III — Somerset chain cannot be determined from the available evidence. The Patrice de Warren test added complexity without resolving the question.
– The radiocarbon dating confidence range (1450–1540 at 95.4%) is deliberately wide; the Bayesian integration with dietary isotope data narrows this but the exact calibration methodology is described in the Nature Communications paper, which was not directly accessed.
– Michael Hicks’s critique that the mitochondrial DNA alone would not have been sufficient for identification is valid in the narrow sense; the paper addressed this by treating the DNA as one element of a multi-evidence Bayesian synthesis. The academic discussion of appropriate confidence thresholds for historical identification remains active.
– The 99.999% figure (or 99.99% as reported in some sources) reflects different ways of rounding or expressing the same Bayesian model output. The distinction is not materially significant; both reflect the same underlying model.
– The fate of the princes in the Tower remains entirely unresolved. No genetic evidence bears on this question.
Sources:
– [Wikipedia — Exhumation and reburial of Richard III](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exhumation_and_reburial_of_Richard_III_of_England)
– [HeritageDaily — King Richard III: Case Closed After 529 Years](https://www.heritagedaily.com/2014/12/king-richard-iii-case-closed-after-529-years/105798)
– [LiveScience — DNA Confirms King Richard III’s Remains](https://www.livescience.com/48963-king-richard-iii-dna-confirmed.html)
– [LiveScience — More Infidelity in Richard III’s Family Tree](https://livescience.com/50253-infidelity-in-king-richard-iiis-family-tree.html)
– [Medievalists.net — Nine Blows to the Head](https://www.medievalists.net/2014/09/nine-blows-head-killed-richard-iii-study-finds/)
– [National Geographic — February 2013 Announcement](https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/130204-king-richard-iii-skeleton-bones-science-archeology-world)
– [World History Encyclopedia — Richard III](https://www.worldhistory.org/Richard_III_of_England/)
– [Mental Floss — Unearthing Richard III](https://www.mentalfloss.com/history/royalty/unearthing-richard-iii-luckiest-find-history)
– [CNN — Richard III Reburial 2015](https://edition.cnn.com/2015/03/26/europe/king-richard-buried)